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| 1.59 inch Breech-Loading Vickers Q.F. Gun, Mk II ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
1.59-inch Breech-Loading Vickers Q.F. Gun, Mk II
The 1.59-inch Breech-Loading Vickers Q.F. Gun, Mk II was a British light artillery piece designed during World War I. Originally intended for use in trench warfare, it was instead tested for air-to-air and air-to-ground use by aircraft. Although it fired shells and had no capability to launch rockets, it was widely but misleadingly known as the "Vickers-Crayford rocket gun."
==Design==
Vickers designed the gun early in World War I, intending it as a piece of light artillery for use by infantry in trenches in attacking machine gun positions and pillboxes. To make it portable for infantry use, it was very small and light for a gun of its calibre.〔 Its light construction dictated a low muzzle velocity, which resulted in it having a short range. It was too light to withstand the detonation of standard British explosive propellants, so its ammunition used ballistite packed in cambric bags instead.〔 The gun fired a 1.2-pound (0.54 kg) high-explosive shell at 800 feet (244 meters) per second; it also could fire an armour-piercing round at 1,000 feet (305 meters) per second. The guns 40x79R cartridge was a shortened version of the naval 40x158R anti-aircraft cartridge, with the shell case reduced from 158 mm (6.22 inches) to 79 mm (3.11 inches) in length.〔(37mm and 40mm Guns in British Service )〕
The gun was, for ease of use in trenches, single shot; the gunner had to extract the empty case of a fired cartridge manually and reload the gun after firing each round, which gave it a low rate of fire.〔(37mm and 40mm Guns in British Service ).〕 It had a simple block breech with percussion gear, and was mounted on a non-recoiling frame consisting of a hydraulic buffer, trunnion block, and rear guide tube. Hand grips were mounted on the guide tube.〔(Author's amendment and updating list, 28 July 1993, for Woodman, Harry, ''Early Aircraft Armament: The Aeroplane and the Gun up to 1918''. )〕 The gun had a large muzzle brake to reduce recoil.〔
Vickers manufactured the gun at its plant in Crayford, England.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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